This paper examines the development and impact of single-window (SW) platforms in East Africa as a critical instrument for trade
facilitation and regional integration. Anchored in the World Trade Organization’s Trade Facilitation Agreement and operationalised
through the East African Community’s (EAC) Single Customs Territory (SCT), SW systems consolidate all import, export, and transit
documentation into one electronic entry point, eliminating the need for traders to interact with multiple agencies separately.

Country-level implementations—including Rwanda’s Electronic Single Window (ReSW), Kenya’s National Single Window, and
Uganda’s e-SW—have already generated measurable gains: average cargo release times in Rwanda fell from 264 hours in 2012 to 34
hours by 2014, while clearance costs dropped by an estimated US$15–20 million annually. At the regional level, the upgraded SCT
Centralised Platform launched in January 2025 now enables real-time data exchange among all EAC customs administrations and
major ports, reducing non-tariff barriers and transit delays. Despite these successes, challenges persist: disparate legacy systems,
uneven digital readiness across partner states, and the high capital requirements—ranging from US$100 000 to US$27 million per
country—continue to slow full harmonisation. Drawing on lessons from early adopters and international best practice, the paper
proposes a phased roadmap that prioritises (i) common data standards and legal frameworks, (ii) public–private financing
mechanisms, and (iii) capacity-building for small-scale traders. If fully implemented, an EAC-wide single window could lower trade
costs by up to 5.4 %, expand extra-regional exports by 8–20 %, and advance the goals of the African Continental Free Trade Area.