Corruption in Uganda remains a systemic impediment to equitable development, undermining public service delivery and eroding
trust in state institutions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the evolution and efficacy of Uganda’s anti-corruption legal
and institutional architecture, spanning the Constitution (1995), the Anti-Corruption Act (2009), the Leadership Code Act (2002), and

the mandates of oversight bodies such as the Inspectorate of Government, the Directorate of Public Prosecutions, and the Auditor
General. Drawing on a synthesis of policy documents, audit reports, and empirical studies spanning 2010–2023, we identify critical
enforcement deficits: prolonged case backlogs, limited inter-agency coordination, under-resourced investigative units, and a culture
of impunity reinforced by politicized accountability mechanisms. Building on these findings, the paper proposes an integrated, multi-
tier intervention framework designed to reinvigorate the anti-corruption crusade. The framework prioritizes (i) legislative amendments
to criminalize unexplained wealth and strengthen whistle-blower protections, (ii) institutional restructuring through an independent
Anti-Corruption Prosecution Service and a centralized digital case-tracking platform, and (iii) civic-tech innovations that crowd-source
real-time graft reports and automate asset-declaration verification. We simulate the projected impact of these measures using a
calibrated deterrence model, suggesting that targeted reforms could reduce low-level bribery by up to 38 % and accelerate high-
profile prosecutions by 50 % within five years. The paper concludes with a roadmap for phased implementation anchored in
sustained political commitment, donor alignment, and grassroots oversight.